Moral Development

The elementary years can be considered as a crucial point when it comes to the character formation of a person. This is where he faces new things; knowledge and information that could greatly affect his life in the future. This is the time in the child’s life where he or she develops a concept about what’s good or bad. Because of this, adult intervention is necessary; parents as well as teachers should do their best in supervising every step of development their children undergoes. In Kohlberg’s theory, the time when children enter elementary school is his second in three broad levels of moral development (Boeree, 2003). This is the conventional morality level, wherein the definition of right and wrong would usually depend on â€Å"what the people would say† (Colman, 2001). This part is what requires most adult attention, since they are the ones the children look up to, being the basis of what they would follow in the future. This stage is further divided into two sub-stages. The first stage is the good boy/good girl stage, wherein children try to live up to what others expect them to be, as well as seek their approval in everything they do. It is important for adults to show them the â€Å"right things† because everything they do becomes a basis of the children’s actions. Another sub-stage is the law and order stage, where children now takes a perspective that involves the social system as well, taking into consideration the rules and laws of the society they are living in, as well as the authorities they have to follow. At these elementary years, we can address the teaching of moral development in schools by devising or structuring out what should be taught to these children (Nucci, 2002). At this stage, they should be already provided with the basic laws and regulations that they should follow as a â€Å"good citizen†. These could start by introducing the school laws and regulations and relating it to the laws of the society. Another concern also would be about their teacher. These children’s teacher should be a model they could look up to as a person, so that their concept of conventional morality would depend on what their teachers show them. References: Boeree, C. G. (2003). Moral Development.  Ã‚   Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/genpsymoraldev.html Colman, A. M. (2001). Conventional Morality. In A Dictionary of Psychology: Oxford University Press. Nucci, L. (2002). Moral Development and Moral Education: An Overview.  Ã‚   Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http://tigger.uic.edu/~lnucci/MoralEd/overview.html       Moral development According to the Social Learning Theory, our moral behavior is shaped by the reinforcement and punishment stimuli through the process of learning. It means that if a child was punished in the past for a certain behavior and is faced with such a situation again, he/she will avoid this behavior. As a social being, a person lives within a group or a community and â€Å"tends to perform actions and behave in a manner conducive to community approval†. The greatest criticism of this theory is that â€Å"it does not provide a proper overall personality assessment†. â€Å"It focuses more on the factors perceived as negative by the learner – it does not account for what may be considered positive.† (Social Learning Theory) According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, â€Å"there are six identifiable stages of moral development† which could be classified into three levels. (Kohlberg’s stages of moral development) The pre-conventional level. In stage 1, â€Å"people behave according to socially acceptable norms because they are told to do so by some authority figure†. â€Å"This obedience is compelled by the threat or application of punishment.† Stage 2 â€Å"is characterized by a view that right behavior means acting in one’s own best interests†. (Barger, Robert N. A Summary Of Lawrence Kohlberg’s Stages Of Moral Development) The conventional level. In stage 3 individuals â€Å"seek approval from other people’. Stage 4 is â€Å"oriented to abiding by the law and responding to the obligations of duty†. (Barger, Robert N. A) The post-conventional level. Stage 5 is â€Å"an understanding of social mutuality and a genuine interest in the welfare of others.† Stage 6 is â€Å"based on respect for universal principles and the demands of individual conscience.† (Barger, Robert N. A) It appears that people rarely reach stage 6 of this model and Kohlberg â€Å"had difficulty finding participants who use it†. (Kohlberg’s stages of moral development) â€Å"One criticism of Kohlberg’s theory is that it emphasizes justice to the exclusion of other values† and â€Å"may not adequately address the arguments of people who value other moral aspects of actions.† Carol Gilligan has argued that the theory is â€Å"male-centric† and â€Å"did not adequately describe the concerns of women†. (Kohlberg’s stages of moral development) Kohlberg claimed his  six stages are cultural-universal. Simpson (1974) argues that â€Å"Kohlberg’s interview employs analytic and theoretical modes of thought and language such as â€Å"justice, equality and reciprocity at a high level of abstraction† which are not valued by many cultures†. According to Bergling (1981), Kohlberg’s stages 1 – 4 are â€Å"empirically supported in western industrialized countries but findings from the Bahamas and British Honduras fail to support even a stage 4†. (Ma, King Keung Problems In The Cro ss-Cultural Study Of Moral Judgment Development) BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. Barger, Robert N. A Summary Of Lawrence Kohlberg’s Stages Of Moral Development, (August, 23 2005) 2. Kohlberg’s stages of moral development,   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlberg's_stages_of_moral_development (August, 23 2005) 3. Ma, King Keung Problems In The Cross-Cultural Study Of Moral Judgment Development, http://66.249.93.104/search?q=cache:LAHMEA0UqdAJ:sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/33/3300251.pdf+weak+points+in+Kohlberg%60s+moral+development+theory+&hl=uk (August, 23 2005) 4. Social Learning Theory, http://www.termpapergenie.com/SocialLearningTheory.html (August, 24 2005)                Moral development According to the Social Learning Theory, our moral behavior is shaped by the reinforcement and punishment stimuli through the process of learning. It means that if a child was punished in the past for a certain behavior and is faced with such a situation again, he/she will avoid this behavior. As a social being, a person lives within a group or a community and â€Å"tends to perform actions and behave in a manner conducive to community approval†. The greatest criticism of this theory is that â€Å"it does not provide a proper overall personality assessment†. â€Å"It focuses more on the factors perceived as negative by the learner – it does not account for what may be considered positive.† (Social Learning Theory) According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, â€Å"there are six identifiable stages of moral development† which could be classified into three levels. (Kohlberg’s stages of moral development) The pre-conventional level. In stage 1, â€Å"people behave according to socially acceptable norms because they are told to do so by some authority figure†. â€Å"This obedience is compelled by the threat or application of punishment.† Stage 2 â€Å"is characterized by a view that right behavior means acting in one’s own best interests†. (Barger, Robert N. A Summary Of Lawrence Kohlberg’s Stages Of Moral Development) The conventional level. In stage 3 individuals â€Å"seek approval from other people’. Stage 4 is â€Å"oriented to abiding by the law and responding to the obligations of duty†. (Barger, Robert N. A) The post-conventional level. Stage 5 is â€Å"an understanding of social mutuality and a genuine interest in the welfare of others.† Stage 6 is â€Å"based on respect for universal principles and the demands of individual conscience.† (Barger, Robert N. A) It appears that people rarely reach stage 6 of this model and Kohlberg â€Å"had difficulty finding participants who use it†. (Kohlberg’s stages of moral development) â€Å"One criticism of Kohlberg’s theory is that it emphasizes justice to the exclusion of other values† and â€Å"may not adequately address the arguments of people who value other moral aspects of actions.† Carol Gilligan has argued that the theory is â€Å"male-centric† and â€Å"did not adequately describe the concerns of women†. (Kohlberg’s stages of moral development) Kohlberg claimed his  six stages are cultural-universal. Simpson (1974) argues that â€Å"Kohlberg’s interview employs analytic and theoretical modes of thought and language such as â€Å"justice, equality and reciprocity at a high level of abstraction† which are not valued by many cultures†. According to Bergling (1981), Kohlberg’s stages 1 – 4 are â€Å"empirically supported in western industrialized countries but findings from the Bahamas and British Honduras fail to support even a stage 4†. (Ma, King Keung Problems In The Cro ss-Cultural Study Of Moral Judgment Development) BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. Barger, Robert N. A Summary Of Lawrence Kohlberg’s Stages Of Moral Development, (August, 23 2005) 2. Kohlberg’s stages of moral development,   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlberg's_stages_of_moral_development (August, 23 2005) 3. Ma, King Keung Problems In The Cross-Cultural Study Of Moral Judgment Development, http://66.249.93.104/search?q=cache:LAHMEA0UqdAJ:sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/33/3300251.pdf+weak+points+in+Kohlberg%60s+moral+development+theory+&hl=uk (August, 23 2005) 4. Social Learning Theory, http://www.termpapergenie.com/SocialLearningTheory.html (August, 24 2005)               

Supply Chain Management and Raw Materials

Case Study 8. 1 Sedgman Steel * Background * Sedgman Steel Inc. : * North American Co. (diversified) * Annual Sales of $1. 7 billion * Syracuse Plant * Produces cut to length steel tubing and steel sheets to the automotive industry. * Customers provide specs for orders (eg. chemical comp. , thickness, diameter, etc. ) * Raw Materials supplied from 3 sources. * Tubing from sister co. (internally sourced. * Steel coils used for steel sheet production multisourced (2 Co. * Physical Distribution * JIT (Just In Time) to customer base. * Policy * Materials required 2 weeks prior to production * Procurement headed by Director of Materials Management (Isaac Theisen) * Alice McKenzie is the Production Material Control Supervisor * Resposibilities are * Incoming/outcoming transportation * Inventory control * Production planning/scheduling * Fill rates Asked to investigate large amount of current on hand raw materials inventory * Purchase spend made by Syracuse plant was$ 65-75 million/year * P urchasing manager @ facility was closely involved with sales to ensure sales pricing was in line with purchasing costs. * Inventory of raw materials on hand is $20 million * Issues * Too much raw materials inventory on hand * Inventory is piling up rather than beign used as constant rate of production. * Data Analysis * $20 million in raw materials inventory Warehoused next to facility in 50,000 sq ft building * Fehr Logistics Company (FLC) contracted to run inventory and logistics (3PL) * Contract specified # of staff to be employeed and working hours * Alice’s visit * Warehouse is full with both types of raw materials * Trucks waiting to be unloaded * 5 staff working when 8 typically was the regular staff running warehouse operations * Delivery of Raw materials was to be at least 2 weeks prior to production * Customer orders based manufacturing Fehr logistics controlled inbound transportation * Decision Criteria * Lowering Cost * Lowering Amount of inventory * Maintaining p roduction flow * Meet time frame established * Compliance with poilicies * Alternatives * Do nothing * Ensure 8 staff are working warehouse at all times fulfilling FLC’s contract obligations * Suspend buying of raw materials for a short period of time until a good chunk of raw material is used up. Build new purchasing processes for forcasting and shipping requirements from suppliers * Refuse shipments of current PO’s so surplus raw materials can be used up. * Absolve contract with FCL due to lack of competancy and hire a new 3PL to replace of FCL. * Request Return of Good approval from suppliers to get inventory close to optimum production standards. * Assumptions * FLC is not fulfilling their contract obligations * Purchasing has not forcasted correctly or purchased demand amounts in line with production schedules.

Perception and reality of technology

Perception and Reality of Technology Nowadays, technology is popular in our lives and greatly improves as time is passing. Technology has brought many benefits, but in reality, many people perceive technology as having negatively impacted our lives. There are three things of technology which can provide to us a better knowledge; faster ways of locomotion and communication are smart phones, computers, and televisions.The perception is everyone knows smart phones can make life easier in many ays; Smart phones support a wide variety of other services such as text messages, emails, the Internet access, games, and photography; they allow us to reach anyone all around the world. By using smart phones for voice calls or video calls and text messages, people are able to keep in touch with others in a long distance. Today, with the development of cell phones, we can use them for our entertainment such as surfing the Internet, sending photos or downloading videos and games.Additionally, GPS in smart phones becomes an important part of our life. People use GPS in smart phones to find their way to home, work, restaurants, or shopping centers. Although we already have classical GPSs, smart phones are usually lighter, smaller, and faster than the classical GPSs. That is why smart phones are used by many people in around the world. According to a research, the number of people accessing the web through smart phones is increasing to over 17. 4% of worldwide internet usage (Fox). In the reality, smart phones have negative effects to students in the education environment.They distract students from their lessons and make them miss important notes. As students often text messages to each other; they may also interrupt other students. Most people do not control how much time they should use smart phones, they waste their time on smart phones: playing games, watching movies, and news updating. Moreover, smart phones disturb people when they focus on driving; and they have to take t heir eyes off the road to talk or text. It is very risky and dangerous to everyone in and around the car. According to a report in 2009 in he U.S, there were a reported 5,474 people killed by distracted drivers; 995 of those were considered killed by drivers distracted by smart phones (Distracted Driving 2009). Next, in perception, that is the computer is one of the important features of technology, which is very useful for people in order to widen their knowledge. Our current development is due to computers in many areas. People consider that computers provide better education; they provide as with many distant learning courses and online testing like McGraw-Hill Connect and MyltLab.Also, computers furnish a lot of necessary access to information such as news and emails. Moreover, people use computers to keep in touch with entertainment, looking for friends; or watch Glee comedy and America's Next Top Model shows. On the other hand, in reality, people sometimes abuse computers. Pla ying games on computer do not have benefit to adults and children; it wills a cause bad effect on people such as eye strains, wrist, neck and back pains. People, who use computers too otten in a long time, should take a snort break atter 1 or 2 hours.Computer can affect our mental health with the large amount of bad knowledge on the Internet; especially children and teenagers. They enjoy play video games and watch violent movies; it may also affect their psychologist and make them become a murder in school. According toa research in 2011 in the U. S, the Supreme Court struck down California's law did not allow to sale or rental of violent video games to people under 18 (Beresin). In perception, television is another kind of popular technology which many household have.They can be operated either by battery or electronics. Furthermore, television can improve vocabulary and language skills for people who want to learn second languages. After a long day of work, people love to spend ti me watching TV with their family members. With the help TV, people may learn more about different countries culture from entertainment, educates, and informs all functions of mass media. The reality is the disadvantage of televisions; they often stop people from following other good habits like reading books and socializing.

Arthur Miller's use of capitalism in death of a salesman Research Paper

Arthur Miller's use of capitalism in death of a salesman - Research Paper Example He held on to the former taught business ideals of individualism from the previous generation to use in the present, which could not be acceptable revolutionized society. According to Karim, Willy’s failure resulted from his inability to revolve but continued to apply the ‘winner take all business’ principle in an urban society that was passed that stage (67). One could consider him as an outdated individual who clings in the past knowledge in the hope that he can attain a goal, even after having to depend on the same wisdom in the past. He believed that winning the trust and likeness from the society, was the ultimate way to achieve his long waited success. However in the past, as the transition from old ways were been replaced by the modern methods of conducting businesses, Willy as one of the American people who held on to the former faith of individualism, as an early frontier ethic in business had the several opportunities of his former success, but he could no longer manage to compete in the climate of the business that was favored by capitalism. Everyone plans to live a happy and satisfied life. However the means to achieve the desire varies in different personalities. For some, even if it takes illegal means, it does not matter as long as the end goal is achieved. Others prefer honesty and integrity as a moral character and value. This was what directed the history of America towards certain individuals’ success before capitalism in early 19th Century, as illustrated by the stories told, for whatever it took to become successful (Cullen 60). Willy Loman was no different, and he strived hard in his sales job to sustain his family, and fulfill his desires of living an American dream. His Social status best expressed as a middle class was accompanied with hardship in acquiring wealth, and hence he had to depend on how the society would take him, based on likeness for him to thrive in the sales job. The principle of self made man, and though being helpful before, failed as capitalist would attain the American dream more easily than using the former strategy. The growing capitalism taking over in the business world forced Willy out of the sales job, because it came with better ways of producing and distributing goods, for much more profit that Willy could not keep up with. Loman suffers frustration after been declined for a job knowing he had retired as a salesman, which he struggled tirelessly all through his life. Through capitalism, power is associated with capitalist like Howard, who dares fire Willy after his long service in the company, without even minding the moral decency of setting him aside for retirement (Sterling 5). Indications of an old car, non profit making individual, and financial struggles show that his financial status was worse to raise capital, so that he could start a business of his own closer to home. As an investor, Howard hoped for delivery of an efficient service as he also paid w ages to his workers, which determined his profit too. As a capitalist, it would then be arguable whether Willy’s firing was justified or not. The aim of capitalism is to acquire more profits after sales and production. Capitalism will make use of the working class to efficiently expand the profit margin,

Methodologies and Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Methodologies and Methods - Essay Example Research design defined generally is the form or framework the experimenter uses to get the results of the study. There are many different kinds of research designs, both qualitative and quantitative, and flexible designs represent qualitative for the most part, whereas fixed designs represent quantitative type studies. There are also mixed designs. Quantitative research designs such as the one proposed for the current research serve the purpose of showing causal motivations, observing present conditions and longitudinal comparisons, and establishing relationships with evidence from a sample size that is generally large or, in some cases, deferred to a larger statistical research body (Robson, 2002). Qualitative The key theories behind qualitative research involve the development of research questions, rather than the formulation of absolutes through testable hypotheses. The research instrument is definitely qualitative in nature if it represents a standardized measurement test that is predetermined before the research has even taken place, through measurements taken in other studies using the same survey instrument. This is not the type of measurement tool that is necessarily malleable to researcher interaction with the survey group or the addition of new research questions as they come up, which also makes it a less strong methodology in terms of qualitative features. The qualitative approach is perhaps less appropriate for this research because the author is assumedly examining a survey group of more than twenty individuals, and needs a standardized sort of quantitative test to keep data collection simple. In the case of the research experiment, the qualitative study will seek to find common themes and areas of possibility for further study. The descriptive phase follows, in which the demographic and statistical information on the target population and target program emulations are determined in respective forms of their completeness and efficiency as repres entative statistics and program models. Quantitative Quantitative methods are suitable for studies into social issues, despite their scientific background and trappings, because they provide demonstrable measurements which can be attributed to larger populations. Even with a relatively small sample size, quantitative research can present results and findings in a way that is verifiable, reliable, and has a degree of repeatability. In other words, a small survey can be reused with a larger population. Overall there are many different facets of methodology that can be applied to an experimental design. This is a generalization that can be made about these different types of designs, which have their respective advantages and disadvantages. Surveys and experiments are examples of fixed research designs, which are more quantitative than qualitative and have more aspects of this type of theory. Quantitative studies such as the one outlined in the current report’s proposed methodol ogy tend to rely on hard data and statistics that can provide generalizable results about a population, whereas qualitative studies could be more of a case example or subjective viewpoint. As the extant literature states about the difference between fixed and flexible designs, â€Å"Flexible research designs are much more difficult to pin down than fixed designs. This is in part because it is only in recent

IDEO case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IDEO case study - Essay Example And the project manager would ensure their concepts could be achieved within budget and timeline. Set up large â€Å"Tech Box†, contain the curiosities and interesting gadgets to inspire innovator. Designers could rummage through the stuffs and play with the switch, bottom on them. This motivates their creativity of putting the old things in new use. Built the culture that â€Å"High performing employees were rewarded by being given more challenging projects to lead† , this way encourage them to contribute more in every project as they always have the chance of being group leader once they have high ability. Organizational culture is an essential tool for innovation in any business setting. Consequently, it is true that in order to innovate there is a need to invest in building a strong culture that gives the right atmosphere to the employees and management to get involved. Mutual helping in workplace is a crucial aspect that foresees the success of businesses that depend on creativity in executing all the underlying projects. Encouraging-business culture enables workload sharing and collaborative help coming to the fore; lending expertise, experience and perspective that improve the quality and the execution techniques of different innovation ideas. For instance, IDEO has proved to have achieved a more impressive business culture. The IDEO’s culture has been able to build a help-friendly environment within its premises. The firm has employed more than 300 employees al with engineering educational backgrounds including its founder. The number is sufficient in the execution process of different processes within the stipulated budgets and timeframe. Additionally, as the firm deals with technical products they have introduced employee-customer interaction meeting to ensure their customers are satisfied. Such an aspect allows for acquisition of feedback from the product user, an aspect that is crucial for innovation and product improvement

Grant Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Grant Proposal - Essay Example Some children start using these drugs when they as young as thirteen years of age (Freeman, 2001). There has been extensive research on the substance abuse, such as alcohol and drugs, among the adolescent population segment. There are a number of generic factors that the substance abuse is blamed on. Also, there are numerous after effects and problems related to the substance abuse that adolescents have to combat in the aftermath of this abuse. Various reasons have been assumed to influence young people into misusing those substances. It is very important to understand the reasons why adolescents indulge in habit of abusing substances and the stage which they have attained so that we can be able to device means to assist them overcome their habits (Connors,et.al., 2001). Some of the causes may be more than mere curiosity hence may require emotional or material support so as to solve the real problem. Intervention is required both at local and state level to save young generation from deadly effects of abuse of substances. According to Deykin et al. (1987), most of the substances used for the abuse in question are depressants. Therefore, due to their continued abuse, they lead adolescent into a dark, depressive state from which it is very hard to emerge back into a happy healthy lifestyle. It has also been stated that adolescents and children who had been depressed to begin with, were far more likely to indulge in substance abuse as a result this depression. The linkage of depressive disorder and substance abuse in adolescent females was six times higher than it was in the male sample used for this study (Freeman, 2001). It was also found that the patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) were more likely to fall prey to alcohol abuse after the onset of the disorder. However, it may not always be the case with respect to the

Is Public Safety Assured or Threatened Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Is Public Safety Assured or Threatened - Essay Example In such instances, prison terms are far more costly and less effective than alternative programs. Effective alternative programs, regardless of intensity, are still the less costly option. There are other sanctions and programs available, such as probation, treatment programs, work-release programs and a host of combined services that, when combined and applied appropriately, may prevent crime without the expense of prison. Criminologist James Q. Wilson believes that prison has been overused as states have Expanded their incarceration programs. â€Å"They have dipped deeper into the bucket of persons eligible for prison, dredging up offenders with shorter and shorter criminal records.† Wilson argues that the costs to society may far outweigh the benefits. Increased incarceration does little to increase public safety. The cost of America’s correction system â€Å"now exceeds $60 billion per year† (Austin & Fabelo 7). Those who have violated their probation for con victions of alcohol and drug use, unemployment and failure to pay court fees has also increased, as a result. The increased cost ultimately is passed on to taxpayers, with little return for their investments. Crimes related to drugs, property and public disorder have little to no connection with pain and suffering to victims. Yet , â€Å"over 90% of crimes committed are of this nature† (Austin & Fabelo 9). Public safety is not even an issue. Effective alternative programs, which could include job training, education, rehabilitation and other services based on ability to pay would likely save taxpayers and communities money.

History of education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of education - Essay Example Therefore, in consideration of various educational philosophies, their similarities and differences in approaches, which points to the possibility of integrating and merging the philosophies to generate a common deliverable, the curriculum and instructional foundation of the school would be based on a combination of perennialism, realism and experimentalism philosophies of education. Perennialism This is a philosophy of education that considers education as a constant for human life, upholding the fact that all humans are constant, except for their ability to reason (Power, 1990). Therefore, perennialism philosophy of education provides that education should be based on rationality; where students are taught the world’s constant and permanent phenomena, with a view to prepare the students for the life they are going to face. According to this educational philosophy, students learn reality and life truths through studying and also through divine acts, where the ability to reaso n and be rational gives rise to goodness itself (Bhattacharya, 2002). Therefore, perennialism as an educational philosophy emphasizes on a high level of discipline and behavioral control, which eventually translates to an all round personality, which is well adaptable to the realities of the world, that easily exudes goodness. The curriculum based on this philosophy would require the study of subjects and doctrines that teaches students the value of rationality, while enabling them to face life as it is. This creates a breed of students who are appreciative of life, and who applies reasoning in each aspect of their undertaking. This enables the students to internalize the life truths, while perceiving the external environmental changes as merely superficial (Pathak, 2007). This educational philosophy is relevant for adoption into the newly created curriculum and instructional foundation, since it would prepare students to face life with all its realities, while also making them more rational and disciplined, which are some of the most relevant virtues for human survival in the world. Realism This is yet another educational philosophy that perceives the world as it is, thus defining the role of school and education as that of teaching students about the world. Realism as an educational philosophy emphasizes on the need to obey the laws of nature, while fitting into the prevailing conditions of the physical world, without any attempts to interfere or change what nature has dictated for the world (Power, 1990). Therefore, this philosophy requires that the school curriculum should be based on subjects and disciplines that correspond to natural observations, such as Mathematics and sciences. Thus, under this educational philosophy, the role of the teacher is to impart the relevant knowledge to the students, with a focus on feeding them the natural facts. The philosophy also requires that order and discipline forms the core aspect of students’ value system, s imilar to the Mother Nature, which is disciplined and orderly, observing natural and predictable trends, unless when it is interfered with, by humans (Bhattacharya, 2002). Thus, this philosophy is not resistant to changes that might occur to the school and in the curriculum applied in teaching the students, since change is

Pelagian Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pelagian Culture - Essay Example Original sin and overemphasized necessity in Divine aid were considered as the fetters for human. Therefore, the essence of traditional Pelagianism was in negation of original sin influence upon human nature and in neglecting of Divine aid role for human salvation. Promptly these ideas were transformed into several moral principles, namely that human will is capable of choosing good or evil without Divine aid, and that humanity has full control and responsibility for its own salvation in addition to full responsibility for every sin. These old ideas are in a heart of modern society. Indeed, most of us live inspired by ideas of independence, self-sufficiency, and also responsibility for our free choice. However, allegorically some of us build our houses upon the sand. "And every one that heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them not, shall be likened unto a foolish man, which built his house upon the sand. And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell: and great was the fall of it." (Matthew 7:26-27). Are we strong enough to make the right choice between good and evil without God's will inside of us Are we so wise to disclose consequences of our actions hidden in future Last Last questions are contra-Pelagian for the "no" answers. It is interesting that these questions will become pro-Pelagian rhetoric for the "yes" answers assumed. It seems that psychologically Pelagian culture is a culture of self-confident and active individuals. And vice versa, non-Pelagian culture is "suited" for submission and confidence in God's will. For instance, Pelagius places free will at the basis of all turning to God for grace; see St. Augustine's critique in (Book I, chapter24). Then, doctrine of Pelagius somewhat conflicts with the words of Christ: "Without me ye can do nothing" (John 15:5); see details in St. Augustine (Book I, chapter 30). It seems that for modern human being non-Pelagian culture is too passive and internal oriented. However, I suppose that this is essential feature of true Christianity. Of course, both Pelagian and non-Pelagian cultures have positive and negative aspects. To disclose these ones, let us consider the case of real person which tried to balance between own freedom and responsibility. This is the case of Albert Speer, the first architect of the Third Reich. He was talented designer having numerous architectural ideas. And he wished to realize them all. This was the case when individual wants to be self-fulfilled, but self-fulfilled at any price. It is important that this is a typical case for Pelagian (sic!) culture. Moreover, Speer was capable to understand and then realize monstrous architectural visions of Hitler. Therefore, he had access for almost all intellectual, financial and human resources of Nazi Germany. In other words, his free will was supported by external forces. And Speer worked. He felt oneself as a creator of beautiful, perfect and immense constructions. But simultaneously he agreed with the forced evictions of Jews from their houses t o make room for his plans, and also agreed with usage of the slave labour to build his constructions. After years, Speer acknowledged his own guilt, but as guilt of blinded creator with "see no evil" attitude towards the

HEALTH CARE QUESTIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HEALTH CARE QUESTIONS - Essay Example Social marketing seeks to influence social behaviors not to benefit the marketer, but to benefit the target audience and the general society." (Kotler & Andreasen as quoted by Weinreich, 2006, par. 2). In every marketing campaign, the most important sources of data to examine are the elements of the marketing mix: product, price, promotion, and place. For social marketing campaigns, the following elements are added: public, partnership, policy and purse strings (Weinreich, 2006, pars. 4 – 11). Under health care, a social marketing campaign considers any of the wide range of products offered by health care institutions. Physical products come in the form of medicines, prosthetics, and other tangible health products. Health care also offers services ranging from diagnostic, laboratory, therapeutic examinations. Other products are likewise enumerated: â€Å"practices (e.g., breastfeeding, ORT or eating a heart-healthy diet) and finally, more intangible ideas (e.g., environmental protection)† (Weinreich, 2006, par. 4). The price is the cost for designing and implementing the social marketing campaigns. The place is the target market for the campaign. The promotion â€Å"consists of the integrated use of advertising, public relations, promotions, media advocacy, personal selling and entertainment vehicles. The focus is on creating and sustaining demand for the product† (Weinreich, 2006, par. 6). The other critical sources of data for the campaign are: publics (internal and external groups directly involved in the campaign); partnerships (affiliated organizations that team up to organize the campaign); policy (governing rules supporting the social marketing program); and purse strings (â€Å"funds provided by sources such as foundations, governmental grants or donations† (Weinreich, 2006, par. 11)). Coye, Foege, & Roper (1994) identified leadership traits required in public health to ensure the development of health objectives in one’s community, to wit: â€Å"the

Marketing and Its Components Essay Example for Free

Marketing and Its Components Essay Environmental analysis of UK: In order to achieve success in implementing some marketing plan, PEST analysis plays a major role because it allows the organizations to do a complete analysis of political, economic, social and technological aspects of the organization and the evidence can be taken from the example of Tesco UK. The success factor of Tesco can be analyzed from the marketing strategy it has assumed in order to deal with the potential customers of United Kingdoms. However, this company has taken all the basic concepts of marketing under consideration while making its strategic plan. Here is the PEST analysis of Tesco UK. Political: The organizations which have political backup and keeps the political aspects under consideration while marketing its service get promulgation within no time. For instance, Tesco is an international supermarket; its policies are always compatible to the regions in which it provides its services. In UK, it has also kept this thing under consideration and that’s why, got exceptional response from the customers. In this regard, following steps have been taken: †¢It has fulfilled legislative requirements of United Kingdoms †¢There is no violation of Labor law, environmental law, trade law, health and tariff restrictions †¢Policies have been developed keeping the political scenarios under consideration †¢Tesco has also developed its own ethical and sustainability policy keeping the national ethical policy of UK in view Economic: Since UK market is one of the most sensitive markets of the world, economic sustainability is another factor that needs thorough analysis in order to deal with any marketing situation. Most of the consumer within UK requires a product that suits not only their lifestyle but also their budget. Though brand loyalty and trust is also a positive factor that can be regarded as a strong reason for the success of this organization, still some consumers find it difficult to buy costly products. Tesco UK has also kept this thing in view and provided different solutions in the form of competitive prices and sales. However, the economic analysis of Tesco indicates †¢Potential investment of company authorities within UK †¢Payment of taxes on each product †¢Adoption of sensitive price strategy †¢Paying interest rate †¢Extensive participation in regional economic growth Social: The analysis of social factors of Tesco UK is as followed: †¢Targeting young people for product marketing †¢Increasing demand of the international products due to increasing migrants †¢Multi-cultural customers †¢Bargaining power of customers †¢Safety issues like inability of customers to understand product precautions Technological: As far as technological factors are concerned, Tesco has also kept this aspect under consideration while marketing its services in United Kingdoms. †¢Automatic payment system †¢Auto-checking while entering and exiting from supermarket †¢Use of electronic system for cash and balance †¢Implementation of safety cameras in supermarkets †¢Wireless devices †¢RFID Control of Tesco over environmental factors: As far as the environmental factors that are beyond the control of Tesco UK are concerned, it is the competitive forces, suppliers, customers, inflation ratio and technological advancement which have affected sustainability of Tesco in one way or other. Competitors: Potential competitors of Tesco UK are as followed: †¢Wal-Mart †¢Costcutter †¢Carrefour As far as online competitors are concerned, they involve †¢Ebay UK †¢Amazon UK Customer: Another aspect that is beyond the control of Tesco UK is bargaining power of customers. The demands of customers vary with the passage of time and Tesco UK has to assume change management strategy keeping the changing demands of the customers. In this regard, the factors that can affect Tesco directly involve †¢Bargaining power of customers †¢Recession †¢Limited budget of customers †¢Changing requirements according to the trend Inflation ratio: Inflation ratio is another aspect which is beyond the control of Tesco UK since there are several factors which contribute in such cases and if this supermarket gives potential discounts on each product that threats the sustainability of their relation with suppliers. However, this thing is controlled to a small extent through providing different packages and sales in low seasons, Technological advancement: Since with the advancement in technology, consumers are also attracting towards online shopping, online platforms have taken the position of strong competitors. A consumer seeks ease through purchasing products from online portal that can deliver the objects at home. Though Tesco also has its own web portal yet the technological advancement makes it complex for this organization to adopt appropriate strategy in each country. However, through adopting timely change management strategy, this organization can deal with such situation. Section 2: Creating and sustaining competitive advantages: Tesco is the third largest grocery store of the worlds and there are ample potential competitors which can be regarded as the core competent of this organization. However, still this organization has been gaining competitive advantages through sustaining and assuming competitive advantage strategy. As far as the core competitors of Tesco in this industry are concerned, Wal-Mart and Carrefour are two leading organizations that compete with Tesco on global level. The reason why it had remained on third position is that it had initiated its service after a long time. However, it is the competitive advantages which it has sustained in regional as well as global competitive market that it has been positioned on third rank among all supermarkets of the world. As far as the strategies in order to gain competitive advantage are concerned, there are several creative and sustainable competitive strategies which can be developed in order to gain competitive advantage in this industry. In this regard, Porter’s generic strategies can be utilized because all the successful organizations like Wal-Mart and Carrefour have gained such position only through assuming exceptional competitive strategy. The first strategy that can be promulgated in this regard is cost leadership strategy which would enable Tesco to offer its services and products to not only national but international consumers and markets in lowest cost. For this purpose, they would also have to control the overall cost of the operations so that they can easily maintain investment and this price control strategy never affects this organization in one way or other. Through assuming this strategy, Tesco would be able to generate not only potential profit but also competitive advantage as well. If Tesco would use differentiation strategy as indicated by Porter, it would enable this organization to offer its products and services to its customers promulgating unique features and value added services that would attract potential customers a lot. This would also give competitive advantage in the form of brand loyalty of customers and double profit. Differentiation can be generated through assuming novel technological feature, providing value added service, exceptional customer service etc. Another option to create and sustain competitive advantage in local as well as international markets is market penetration. For instance, for Tesco, it might be difficult to assume differentiation or cost leadership strategy since it requires price maintenance. It can also make its marketing sources exceptional. For this purpose, as indicated in Ansoff Matrix, market penetration strategy would prove ample lucrative. It means this organization can gain competitive advantages through penetrating in existing market, find potential sources for promulgating its products and services and then focusing on internal efficiencies in order to come up with the requirements of the consumers. Nevertheless, Tesco can gain competitive advantage through assuming cost leadership and differentiation strategy in global market since it would enable this organization to compete with global giants. However, market penetrations strategy would work if this organization wants to create and sustain exceptional position in local markets like that of United Kingdoms and China. However, it cannot be stated that Tesco used to utilize such strategies without doing market analysis. In this regard, Tesco does market analysis through assessing its market position and contemporary ratio of market growth which enables it to analyze which strategy would enable it to compete on global as well as local level and in this regard, the significance of BCG matrix cannot be neglected. Some organizations used to employ all these strategies collaboratively and consider that there will be competitive advantage that is a wrong notion. That’s why most of them stuck in the middle and ultimately find it difficult to sort out the best option. This is not the case with Tesco since it’s a global organization and its management has exceptional expertise in dealing with such kind of situation assuming the best strategy that can generate passive competitive advantages. Hence, these are some of the potential options which an organization can utilize for competing with the strongest competitor in its relevant industry but before assuming any particular strategy, the organization needs to have its portfolio analysis as well. the examples of Tesco, Wal-Mart and Carrefour can be taken as evidence in this regard since Tesco has assumed strategic option through analyzing its contemporary position in global market and hence, gained successful position as well, Section 3: Product life cycle: A product life cycle possesses different stages like introduction, growth, maturity and decline. However, the marketing strategies vary according to the changing stage of product life cycle and the organizations that use appropriate strategic options according to the requirements of the contemporary scenario, get success in product marketing. On first stage, organizations used to apply marketing Mix elements in which, it suggests specifications of products, appropriate price, promotion strategies and place where it can gain successful position. Different examples can be seen in the form of Toyota motors, McDonald fast food industry and Tesco service providers in this regard. For example, Toyota wants to launch one of its product, the initial strategy that it would adopt will be determining price specifying promotion strategy and place, promulgating product specifications. Product: design, specification, how it works, extra benefits of using it etc Price: initially the cost would be low since this new product would take time to make its position in the markets. Promotion: this section would indicate promotional strategies like launching product providing value added services Place: this section indicates the best market for promulgating new vehicle like United Kingdoms, Canada etc. The second stage is referred to as Growth stage. At this point, the strategic plan differentiated through assuming growth strategy like market development etc. For instance, when Tesco opened new store in China, it achieved growth status through developing market and for that purpose, it affiliated itself with one of the regional supermarkets that enabled this supermarket to have potential growth in new market. The third stage is referred to maturity stage. On this stage, the product or service got its mature status and for its sustainability, different strategies are adopted in order to maintain its position through assuming change management strategy if required. Market penetration strategy is considered the best option in such cases since through constant penetration in market, the contemporary position of the product and service is analyzed. For instance, in UK markets, environment changes are uncertain and this thing affects the requirements of consumers. So, Tesco UK constantly do market penetration in order to sustain its position and cope with competitors. Last stage is referred to the decline stage and it is considered the death of the product. However, some companies assume differentiation and diffusion of innovation strategy in order to sustain its product and regain its mature stage. The example can be taken from McDonalds India. Its product for non-vegetarian though gained ample success in the beginning but soon, customers fed up with it. McDonalds India assumed differentiation strategy and attracted customers through introducing vegetarian burgers and deals. Diffusion of innovation strategy: Diffusion of innovation is one of the effective strategies that can regenerate lost position of a product. Through promulgating product marketing its innovative features, organization can easily cope with decline stage of PLC. There are several examples which can be quoted for proving the authenticity of this strategy With the propagation of KFC and PizzaHut, customers transformed their concentration from McDonalds and this thing affected its profitability ratio badly. The management of McDonalds contemplated to regain its position and ultimately found diffusion of innovation as the best source to deal with this issue. Finally, they introduced McFlurry which attracted most of their customers back. Hence, this thing not only made it possible for the organization to get its customers back but the profitability ratio also increased simultaneously. Hence, marketing strategy plays a major role in developing and sustaining products or services in local as well as global markets but along with using innovative strategy, the organization should also have potential to assume change management strategy according to the contemporary requirements.

Structure and Development of Curriculum

Structure and Development of Curriculum Introduction The curriculum is not a simple word that can be defined; it is a discipline that consists of many factors that ultimately create the curriculum. Upon reading further into this subject, it has become obvious that the curriculum is a complex field and is more likely to reveal that many authors, scholars, academic writers each have a definition describing what the curriculum best means to them or its best definition in the context they discuss. This paper will focus on the Australian Curriculum and will attempt to address issues such as the various definitions of the curriculum, the purpose or goal of the curriculum, how the curriculum is developed, the structure of the curriculum, how the curriculum is influenced by different learning theories, the processes of teaching, learning and assessment and how the curriculum relates to 21st Century learners. Incorporating these factors and understanding this information will allow the reader to formulate his or her own educated definition of t he curriculum whilst recognising the primary features which influence learning within our schools. Definition of Curriculum and its Stakeholders Several definitions surround the meaning of curriculum; to get an overview of the definition we can throw relevant words together such as plan, objective, content, subject matter, opportunities, guidelines, framework, experiences or strategies, although in order to make sense of these words and their relationship to the curriculum we must connect these words in a logical pattern. Authors and academics Brady Kennedy (2010, p.5) simply state In seeking to understand better the role of the curriculum in the 21st century, the purpose should be to ensure that children and young people are well equipped to handle whatever it is that this century will call them to do and be, in other words, there must be a common interest and a common bond by all those involved, while Marsh and Willis (2007, as cited in Marsh, 2010, p.93) define curriculum as an interrelated set of plans and experiences which a student completes under the guidance of the school. Other definitions of the curriculum arise, d ependant on the stakeholders in question, these stakeholders are people who have an interest in the curriculum, its formation and its delivery. The business community feel that the curriculum must be able to support students in their future employment opportunities while preparing them for the economic needs of society (Brady Kennedy, 2010) and parent groups are concerned that the curriculum could be manipulated by government bodies for academic analysis instead of concentrating on equipping their children with the appropriate knowledge and experiences for a successful future (Brady Kennedy, 2010). ACARA (2010c) describes the new National curriculum as a broad scope and sequence of core learning. Critical decisions about the total educational program and how it will be implemented and adapted to meet the needs and interests of students will be the responsibility of education authorities, schools, teachers, parents and students Marsh (2010, p.24) provides a list of stakeholders with whom the National Curriculum Board (NCB), now known as the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA) consults Government Federal/State Minister for Education, Council of Australian Governments, Premiers, State/Territory ministers, Federal opposition, State/Territory opposition Education authorities Government and Non-Government Schools, Australasian Curriculum, Assessment and Certification Authorities (ACACA), Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR). Professional associations Unions, Business, Employers School-based Principals, Administrators, Teachers, Students Community Parents, Parent groups, Parent Associations Tertiary Sector Universities, TAFE, Industry training sectors, Academics From this information it is evident that the curriculum is complex, detailed and is influenced by many groups. Fundamentally, it is a plan that consists of goals/aims, content and achievement standards for each subject to be taught within Australian schools, in other words, the curriculum is a planned description of the what, how and when of teaching, learning and assessment. Understanding the foundation of curriculum, we can now concentrate on the goal of the curriculum WHO is it for and WHAT do we expect from our education system and for young Australian citizens? The purpose or goal of the Curriculum and Education Curriculum must be of direct relevance to the childs social, cultural, environmental and economic context and to his or her present and future needs and take full account of the childs evolving capacities; teaching methods should be tailored to the different needs of different children (UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment 1 as cited in Sullivan Keeney, 2008, p.38). In order to understand the goal or purpose of education, we must understand who we are directing our learning to. Acknowledging the diversity of learners will assist in identifying the scope and range of the content to be covered by the curriculum. Brady and Kennedy (2010, p.38) state Teachers must examine the curriculum carefully to ensure it does not exclude the diverse experiences that students bring with them to the classroom. More positively, the curriculum should highlight those experiences and make them the basis for discovery and learning. The K-12 National Curriculum is directed towards students developing their knowledge and understanding of the major disciplines Mathematics, English, Science and History to enable students to further their knowledge and specialise in fields through further tertiary education. Further to this, the curriculum provides the foundation that allows young Australian citizens to deal confidently with issues that arise and enables them to make informed decisions regarding social and personal matters. (EQUITY) ACARA is responsible for the development of the Australian curriculum from Kindergarten to Year 12. ACARAs work with the Australian curriculum is directed by the 2008 Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians. This declaration commits to supporting learners with quality education and providing them with the skills necessary for future endeavours (ACARA, 2009a). The Australian curriculum will outline the scope and sequence of key learning areas, in other words WHAT and WHEN it is to be taught at schools, although teachers will ultimately make the decision on HOW to organise, structure and deliver this information to benefit each and every students learning experience (ACARA, 2009b). The educational goals for young Australian citizens focus on creating successful learners such as developing their capacity to be creative, resourceful and motivated individuals, to be able to think, obtain and evaluate evidence, work independently and in teams, be able to communicat e ideas, utilise current technology and be able to make informed decisions and gain the necessary skills regarding their learning and employment directions. These goals also aim to create confident individuals by providing the tools that promote a sense of self-awareness to be able to manage all facets of their wellbeing, develop values such as honesty, empathy and respect for themselves and others, form personal, social and professional relationships and have the confidence to pursue further education and training. In addition, becoming active and informed citizens is addressed through the cross-curriculum dimensions, which aim to instil an understanding and appreciation for Australias indigenous history and diverse culture and sustaining and improving our natural and social surroundings (ACARA, 2009b). So far we have discussed what the curriculum is and how it can be defined, the major influences on the curriculums development, namely the stakeholders and the purpose or goals of the curriculum and education. Before we discuss the structure and development of the curriculum, it is important to be aware of where and how the curriculum originated and why the curriculum is structured the way it is. Structure and Development of the Curriculum The structure of the curriculum and how it is developed caters for the wide range of stakeholders involved while endeavouring to achieve the best learning outcomes for Australian students. The core-curriculum was developed through the Curriculum Development Centre (CDC) by the former Director, Malcolm Skilbeck in 1980. The 24-page document attempted to reconceptualise the existing school subjects within a social-reconstructionist framework (Marsh, 2010, p.11). Even though parts of the core-curriculum were adopted in NSW, WA and NT, the development did not continue due to a lack of funding for the CDC. As the decades passed, many attempts at developing a national curriculum failed to make it successfully through its journey, finally in 2008, under the Rudd Government, a National Curriculum Board (NCB) was created to develop a National Curriculum for students Kindergarten to Year 12, consisting of four Key Learning Areas (KLAs) Mathematics, English, History and Science, with additiona l components of general capabilities and cross-curriculum dimensions working alongside these KLAs (Marsh, 2010). ACARA (2009c) was created to oversee the successful development of the Kindergarten to Year 12 Curriculum, plus the Senior Secondary Curriculum and the Early Years Curriculum Framework. Below outlines the four stages involved in the development of the Australian Curriculum Kindergarten to Year 12. Curriculum shaping stage- This involves the development of the draft shape paper, where expert advice is requested and endorsed by ACARAs board for public feedback. This creates the final shape paper, consisting of an outline of the Australian curriculum including design advice for learning areas. Curriculum writing stage A team consisting of writers, curriculum experts, and ACARA curriculum staff developing the Australian curriculum. The information includes content description and achievement standards; to achieve this, the team refers to national and international research on curriculum, while also referring to current state and territory curriculums. After public feedback and necessary modifications, the Australian curriculum for the particular learning area is ready for publication. Implementation stage Implementation plans are developed by ACARA and state/territory curriculum and school authorities (ACARA, 2010b) Evaluation and review stage Implementation feedback is reviewed carefully via processes that monitor this information. Below is a visual snapshot of the components included in the National Curriculum to be implemented in the year 2011. Australian curriculum graph.png Source: (ACARA, 2009a) Each KLA contains a statement of rationale, aims, content structure and descriptions, and achievement standards. Statement of rationale Overview of the particular subject Aims What students will achieve from this subject Content structure/organisation How the subject is arranged/designed and the information involved Content description specifies what teachers are expected to teach for each learning area at each year level, also provides the scope and sequence of teaching Achievement standards describes the quality of learning e.g. the understanding, knowledge and skill students are required to achieve at each year level. While the National curriculum will keep the original structure of scope and sequence for the KLAs, it is evident the new curriculum has become more detailed and involved, by introducing general capabilities and cross-curriculum dimensions in addition to the KLAs, teachers may find it difficult to be able to get through all the required content in the time allocated, while some may require further intensive training to increase their knowledge in certain areas such as History. Few primary teachers have a sufficient background in History and that they will require concentrated training to develop academic and pedagogical knowledge in History (Harris-Hart, 2009 as cited in Marsh, 2010, p.26), although ACARA (2010c) states the key focus during curriculum development is on depth of learning and not breadth of learning, so as not to overcrowd the curriculum. Since the Australian Curriculum has been collated from different components of the eight state/territory curriculums currently in ope ration, they have maintained the KLAs, added general capabilities and cross-curriculum dimensions while keeping the existing structure for sequencing within the learning areas. (REFERENCE) For example, the NSW curriculum comprises of six KLAs for primary school and eight KLAs for secondary school. Below is a visual snapshot of the NSW Primary syllabus. http://k6.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/images/time_on_each_subject.jpg Source: (NSW-BOS, 2008) Schools in New South Wales use the Kindergarten to Year 10 Curriculum Framework as the foundation of what, how and when the content is to be taught, although the NSW Board of Studies acknowledges that schools and teachers take responsibility for the way in which the content is organised and delivered (NSW-BOS, 2002a). NSW primary teachers use the NSW Primary Curriculum Foundation Statements to find out what needs to be taught in each subject. The six subjects within the NSW curriculum are English, Mathematics, Science and Technology, Personal Development, Health and Physical Education (PDHPE), Human Society and Its Environment (HSIE) and Creative arts (NSW-BOS, 2002b), while the Australian Curriculum takes into consideration two new components that will enhance the learning process by working alongside the four KLAs, these components are ten (10) general capabilities and three (3) cross-curriculum dimensions. The ten (10) general capabilities are: literacy, numeracy, information and communication technology, thinking skills, ethical behaviour, creativity, self-management, teamwork, intercultural understanding and social competence. The three (3) cross-curriculum dimensions are: Indigenous history and culture, Asia and Australias engagement with Asia and Sustainability (ACARA, 2010a). Conclusion The Curriculum is a planned description of the what, how and when of teaching, learning and assessment, it is the foundation for learners, students and teachers while being influenced by the many stakeholders that want a share/input in the direction of the Curriculum. The structure and development of the Australian Curriculum includes many components such as teaching, learning and assessment which have focused on the depth of learning not the breadth. Throughout this paper it is also evident that the Australian Curriculum has been influenced by the theories of teaching and learning from several theorists such as Piaget, Bloom, Krathwohl, Vygotsky, Bruner and Maslows taxonomy. In addition, we must keep in mind that by understanding our students changing nature and their diversities, the Australian Curriculum has the opportunity to be in the forefront of teaching and learning in the 21st Century.

Why is Nancy such an important character in the novel Oliver Twist? Ess

Why is Nancy such an important character in the novel Oliver Twist? {1837-1839} Oliver Twist was probably one of the most popular novels of its time. Within Oliver Twist the characters were the central main focus of the novel. Oliver: the main c... Why is Nancy such an important character in the novel ‘Oliver Twist’? {1837-1839} Oliver Twist was probably one of the most popular novels of its time. Within ‘Oliver Twist’ the characters were the central main focus of the novel. Oliver: the main character is made to appeal to the reader’s sense of sympathy. Meanwhile Fagin is loathed by the reader. Nancy is seen as not so important by the reader but actually is the most important character after Oliver. So just why is Nancy such an important character in the novel ‘Oliver Twist’? The first mention of Nancy is when she comes to see Fagin, along with Bet, and she is described from Oliver’s point of view as not so pretty, with a great deal of hair but it wasn’t very neatly. They were untidy and dirty below the waist. Their stockings and shoes were also very dirty. â€Å"Oliver thought them very nice girls indeed.† This shows that Oliver’s first impression of Nancy is quite a good one which then shows that she might be influential to him later on in the novel. This is because he is easily led by Fagin and his gang because he thinks they are nice people. And he will be easily led by Nancy who he thinks is also a very nice person too. A long time afterwards they left when Master Bates said, that it was time to pad the hoof. Next Nancy is mentioned when she has to go and find out what happened to Oliver! At first when Fagin asks Bet, she declines and when he asks Nancy, she also declines! But the... ...) who tried to rob them which shows Nancy is on the same side as them( the side of good). So why is Nancy such an important character in the novel Oliver Twist? The main reason Nancy is such an important character is because she risks her life to save Oliver and goes through many hardships and brutalities to ensure that Oliver stays alive and doesn’t get dragged into the criminal underworld that she hates and doesn’t wish to be part of! It is a typical ‘good VS evil’ scenario and when good prevails the reader really enjoys this. This is what is happening with Nancy, she represents good in a struggle with Fagin and Sikes who represent evil. She dies but for a just cause, when she frees Oliver from the criminal underworld and lets him know about his undiscovered riches. So that is why Nancy is such an important character in the novel ‘Oliver Twist’.

A Tool that Enhances Education Essay -- Teaching Computers Argumentati

A Tool that Enhances Education Computers have been instrumental in improving the quality of life for many people all over the world. Computers have enhanced education to make teaching and learning more productive. Such a technology has given people more opportunities for gathering information and developing education in all subjects like English, science, math, history, and the arts. People like myself have benefited from the variety of programs that the computer has brought in this century such as writing and office programs, encyclopedias, the Internet, email, and online communities. In the century we live in today, the computer is not only considered to be an important tool, but a necessity in a business oriented society. Computers have also been and continue to be a productive tool, especially in the world of education. In a critique titled "The Computer Delusion," Todd Oppenheimer, Associate Editor of Newsweek Interactive, argues that "the tremendous emphasis on computers and technology in elementary and secondary schools, and especially in the lower grades, can actually decrease the effectiveness of learning and teaching" (255). I disagree with Oppenheimer because with the proper use of computers, education can out do itself. Computers have and are still used productively in the classrooms to improve teaching and learning. Oddly enough, Oppenheimer included studies that he disagreed with on the five arguments that campaign the computerization of the nation's schools: Computers improve both teaching practices and student achievement. Computer literacy should be taught as early as possible; otherwise students will be left behind. To make tomorrow's work force competitive in an increasingly high-tech world, l... ...he home. With the proper use of computers teachers and students can use computers to help them with the curriculum. It is important for teachers to be guided and instructed on how to help benefit their students through the use of computers. The computer cannot take the place of a teacher because computers cannot speak or instruct students to read, write, and add, the way a real teacher would in a live situation. The presence of a live teacher is unique and necessary for a well-rounded education. People should not fear computers because they cannot replace the importance of a professional teacher. The computer should be used as a tool to enhance education and not replace it. Works Cited Oppenheimer, Todd. "The Computer Delusion." The Presence of Others. Ed. Lunsford, Andrea A., John J. Ruszkiewics. Boston/New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000. 255-285.

What would Jesus Do? Canteberry Tales Essay :: essays research papers

What Would Jesus Do?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Between 1951 and 1991, forty-one Catholic priests in Chicago alone were charged with sexual misconduct (Philip Jenkins). This number has only increased over the past ten years, with the recent valiancy among Catholic women and children to come forth about sexual indecencies committed against them. But while the charges against the priests may be relatively new, the corruption within the clergy is certainly not. Priests’ abuse of their position can be traced back to the origin of the church itself through both stories and historical documents. In The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer exposes immorality in the church (both sexually and otherwise) through his introduction of various fictional characters. Together, these characters demonstrate the ways in which the church has fallen away from its original purpose and design—to make disciples of God through church members’ imitation of Jesus’ character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In efforts to inspire Christians to act righteously, as well as instill a sense of religious pride among young people, Christians have cleverly coined the phrase, â€Å"What Would Jesus Do† or simply, â€Å"WWJD.† Although the expression may be overused and somewhat childish, in the meaning behind the phrase lies the entire mission statement of Christian dome. The apostle Peter describes it by saying, â€Å"To this you were called, because Christ suffered for you, leaving you an example, that you should follow in his steps,† (1 Peter 2:21). The message is simple; try to live as Christ lived. Of all people, most would expect the leaders of the church to strive the hardest for this level of Godliness. Quite ironically, however, Chaucer points out that the clergy possesses qualities opposite to those of Jesus—namely impurity, selfishness, and greed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The dictionary defines the word ‘pure’ as being free of dirt, defilement, or pollution, and most Christians would agree that when the term is used in the bible, it means just that: being free of the dirt, scum, corruption, and sin in the world. According to Paul, the grace of God and the teachings of Jesus â€Å"teach us to say ‘No’ to ungodliness and worldly passions, and to live self-controlled, upright and godly lives,† (Titus 2:12). In The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer shows that the clergy is doing anything but seeking after purity. The Friar is the best example of this defilement of Christianity with his fulfillment of worldly pleasures in the areas of women and alcohol. Because of the attachment humans have to sex and their sexual partners, the Catholic Church is structured so that the leaders of the church remain celibate their entire lives.

Hot Zone Book vs. Movie Essay

†¢In the book, we have Nancy and Jerry, and they are very important characters who deal with Ebola. Also they are married. In the movie, Sam and his ex-wife shares similar rolls like Nancy and Jerry. They try to stop the outbreak of Ebola virus in the monkey house. In the movie Sam and his ex-wife is divorced and still have problems between them. †¢movie changed ‘Ebola’ to an Ebola-like virus called Motaba, the conditions of both diseases proved to be similar †¢The army took strong precautions in both cases, wearing Level 4 body-suits in the presence of the virus †¢They tried to contain a town and bomb it, and that made it so surreal that it eventually became difficult to take anything the movie says seriously. This made the movie fictional, and took away from the threat and danger of this deadly disease. †¢Robbie and Sam in the movie. It made it somewhat of a romantic love story †¢Daniels- equivalent to Jaaxs †¢movie didn’t focus on the monkey house at all †¢The pet store kind of took the place of the monkey house in that the host infected others at the pet store. †¢both have a laboratory monkey escaping from its cage †¢In the movie, the host monkey that was smuggled gets loose and threatens the lives of human race. In the book, one of the sick monkey in Reston escapes from its cage and Jerry spends days trying to catch it †¢similar is the potential rip in the space suits †¢Both Sammy Daniels and Jerry Jaax share a strong concern over his wife or ex-wife working with in the hot zone with the virus †¢Finally, the doctors in the book tried to help the villagers the best that they could, and eventually ended up leaving the village and the people behind. In the movie, the village, that had many people infected with the virus, was obliterated by a bomb †¢In movie, they catch the monkey responsible for everything

Hawthorne’s Display of Evil Essay

Nathaniel Hawthornes full treatment The crimson letter and infantile Good military man Brown are literature classics. Hawthorne soundly portrays his main themes and ideas in these works. Both of these works illustrate the effects of ugliness on the human soul. Through Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter and infantile Goodman Brown we slew clearly see that diabolic causes heap to judge other tribe, satanic corrupts vicegles faith, and that evil has the power to modify the human soul. In The Scarlet Letter we see just how much evil causes mass to judge others.Hawthorne effectively shows this by his endanger case of Hester Prynne. Since Prynne committed the sin of adultery, she is agonistic to stand upon a scaffold in front of the whole city of capital of Massachusetts to be questi wizardd and scolded. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the townshipsmen said to Chillingworth, The penalty thereof is death. But in their enormous mercy and tenderness of heart they support d oomed Mistress Prynne to stand altogether a space of three hours on the platform of the pillory and fool a mark of shame upon her depreciator. (Hawthorne p. 4) This quote shows us that the publics opinion on Hester Prynne has now forever changed.She is forced to wear a scarlet A upon her bosom to let everybody know exactly what she has done. The evil she has committed has greatly affected everyones point of view on Hester Prynne. slimy good deal harm a soulfulness in multiple behaviors. Another way it can harm you is by cause you to lose your faith. In Hawthornes new Goodman Brown, we see Goodman lose his faith in multiple things. He loses faith in God, in his family, and in exclusively of the wad who he associates with. While the ride leads him into the forest, Goodman sees galore(postnominal) familiar faces.He recognizes the faces of his wife, Faith, and he in like manner recognizes the faces of the priests in his town. Though Goodman Brown is not received whether it was a dream or not, he is convinced that evil is in all around him. While in the forest, the make says, By the sympathy of your human hearts for sin, ye shall scent out all the places whether in church, bedchamber, street, field or forest (Hawthorne p. 613. ) Since he has heard the Devils excogitate and witnessed these familiar faces, Goodman Brown has forever been changed. shabbiness has taken a terms on Goodman Brown, and it has caused his faith in his wife, family, and associates to be corrupt. One of the worst things evil can do to a human is diversifying their soul. Hawthornes flooring of Young Goodman Brown illustrates this concept thoroughly. Goodman was modify by evil in umteen negative ways. Before his run into with the Devil in the forest, Goodman believed his whole family and his whole town to be very godly and he felt that he was living a great prosperous life.After his meeting with the Devil, Goodman had a negative outlook on everything in his life, he trus ted no one but himself, and he helpless hope in everything that he had vent for him in his life. Hawthorne displays ways that evil can transform the human soul in The Scarlet Letter through his character of Chillingworth. Throughout the story, Hawthorne displays Chillingworth as the man in black also known as the Devil. Chillingworth, Prynnes actual husband, goes through many an(prenominal) changes in the story. His figure begins to change dramatically, fashioning him look more evil.Chillingworth also desires to taste out the man who is the father of Pearl. He wants to find him because he wants to make sure that the man does not expiate of this sin. They people of this story believed that if one did not repent for a sin, then he or she would go to Hell. Chillingworth was not an evil man before he knew about the child. However, subsequently the evil was committed against him, he began to trance evil, and wished the worst for the minister, the father of Pearl. It is apparent t hat the evil in both of these stories took a toll on both of these mens souls.Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter and Young Goodman Brown both effectively display how evil can cause people to judge other people, how evil corrupts ones faith, and how evil has the power to transform the human soul. Though evil has perpetually been apparent in every day society, Hawthorne is attempting to influence us to always appease to your faith. No matter how bad the sin you commit is, God allows repentance for all sins. Hawthornes works are persuading us to never lose hope or give up on our faith.

Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian Summary

January 17, 2013 Nicole Samuels The Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian Chapter 1-3 Summary In chapter one, we are introduced to the narrator, Arn middle-aged Spirit, nicknamed subordinate. He describes himself, as being of gangling build, with an overly large skull, feet and hands. He has a aesculapian condition called Hydrocephalus, which is an excess of fluid in the skull causing swelling of the whiz. next-to-last went through a very dotty surgery at the age of 6 months, which would ordinarily kill or permanently damage the brain of the patient, scarce luckily came out undamaged. secondary has patronise seizures, a lisp and stutter. He matured having 42 teeth and had to get 10 pulled all at once with minimal novocaine. He could only draw cheap glasses with big black frames. He lives on the reservation and is the weakest and smallest of them all so is beatnik up frequently and belongs to the Black-Eye-of-the-Month-Club. He tells us almost how he relishs to draw, and that it is the only thing he is trusty at.Chapter two is where junior(a) reveals that he is poor, give voice that he is meet a poor-ass reservation kid sprightliness with his poor-ass family on the poor-ass Spokane Indian Reservation. He in any case gives us the very important math equation of Poverty = empty refrigerator + empty remain firm. He tells roughly how good a division of KFC chicken tastes after not eating for a long time. He tells us about how he wishes he could blames his parents for their poverty but cant because he loves them too much and they were born into poverty as were their parents, and their parents, and so on and so forth.He talks about how his parents had dreams but didnt do anything about it, and draws a picture of who his parents could have been if they had followed their dreams. He tells us about how being poor makes you feel, like youre hopeless. Junior also delves into a painful memory and tells us about the time he heard his paternity shoot his dog Oscar, who was his stovepipe friend, and could do nil about it. In the third chapter we are introduced to Juniors best human friend, punk. Rough, mean, rude, and willing to beat up anything and anyone, Rowdy watches out for Junior.Rowdy convinces Junior to go the Spokane tribes annual Labor Day celebration, the Powwow. While in that location Junior angers Rowdy and Rowdy shoves Junior and he runs away, straight into three 30 year old men who beat him up. Rowdy finds him on the terms and vows revenge, and gets it later that night when the men have passed out. He shaves off their eyebrows and cut off their braids, which are a big deal to native men. Junior tells us more about Rowdy, and in his calculations they have played out more than 48,000 hours in each others company.Chapter 9-11 Summary Junior worries that Roger will take revenge for Junior having punched him in the face, wishing Rowdy were thus far his friend. He asks his grannie for advice and she tells him it means that roger respects him, but Junior believes she is just crazy. The next day Juniors parents codt have enough gas to ingest him to school, so he starts the 22 mile journey to school. Along the way junior runs into Eugene, his fathers best friend. Eugene is an alcoholic of the happy sorts, and he gives Junior a ride to school on his motorcycle.When they pull through at school, all the white kids just gaze at junior and Eugene, and Roger passes by Junior but doesnt kick his butt, only says hell get together him around, and looks move. Juniors pretty pumped over this and says Hi to the porcelain mantrap genus genus Penelope only to be shot dash off by her, and designates to himself that he may have impressed the king but the queen still doesnt approve of him one little bit. In chapter cardinal Junior tells us the story of Dawn, a exquisite Indian girl with legendary braids who he cut back in love with at the age of twelve.Junior had no shot with Dawn, but still co nfessed to Rowdy his love for her. Rowdy tells Junior that Dawn does not worry about him. At all. But Junior still loves her. And so he cries over her, and tells us he is the opposite of a warrior because he is too emotional. He asks Rowdy to keep everything a secret, and Rowdy does. It is Halloween in chapter 11, and Junior goes to school in the simplest and cheapest costume he can think of, a homeless man, because he already has the wardrobe for it.Penelope goes a homeless woman, saying it is a political statement against the treatment of homeless people in the USA, and is going trick-or-treating for spare depart to donate to the homeless. Junior says he is making a statement against the treatment of homeless Native Indians in the USA, and will also go trick-or-treating for spare vary, and mayhap they cold donate together. Miraculously Penelope agrees. later(prenominal) that night, while trick-or-treating, Junior is jumped by three guys in Frankenstein masks who kick him, spi t on him and take the bullion for charity.Junior wonders if one of the guys was Rowdy. The next day Junior tells Penelope what happened, and she is horrified and tells him she will put his name on her donation anyway. Junior thinks that after this Penelope and he will get closer, but of course this doesnt happen. You do not become popular overnight. Junior wishes he could go to Rowdy for advice to get Penelope to like him, but already knows Rowdy would say The first thing you have to do is change the way you look, the way you talk, and the way you walk. And then shell think youre her fricking Prince Charming

The Lost Symbol Chapter 93-97

CHAPTER 93Franklin substantial is locate in the northwestern quarter-circle of follow startt protest Washington, environ by K and bakers dozenth s respitets. It is principal(prenominal) cleverness to m whatso invariably(prenominal) a(prenominal) prehistoric creates, n archean nonably the Franklin School, from which horse parsley graham flour buzzer direct the hu universes starting captivate byal receiving set capacity in 1880. eminent to a higher place the unbowed, a fast- contemptible UH-60 whirlybird approached from the west, having taboo its light upon approximately from the electron orbit of study duomo in a progeny of minutes. piling of while, Sato estimation, peering both(prenominal)where set at the squ be to a lower induct. She k unsanded it was illuminetle that her men got into revisal un date stampn forrader their prey arrived. He verbalise he wouldnt be get toher for at least cardinal minutes.On Satos com hom osexuald, the pilot project per attained a pip-h completely(prenominal)(prenominal)place on the jacket of the t twoest sort mostwhatthe storied iodinness Franklin forth righteousnessa exalted and prestigious killice construct with 2 capital spires on carrousel. The gaming was illegal, of course, barg unless when the eggbeater was in that respect wholly in all a a couple of(prenominal) seconds, and its skids exactly affected the pay patron succession cap bakshis. in peerless case each i had jumped screw to the fore, the pilot at erstwhile up raised dispatch, banking to the east, whither he would mount to dense summit and block upure infr bed stick up from above.Sato check up on as her field ag separate up smooth their tightengs and brisk Bellamy for his task. The designer was tranquil savour bleary from having resonaten the file forward on Satos prep atomic enumerate 18 laptop. As I let on . . . an write up of d epicted object credentials measure. Bellamy had right a elbow board mute Satos subject matter and was immediately amply cooperative. on the whole set, maam, factor Simkins said.On Satos com art objectd, the divisors us here(predicate)d Bellamy crossways the rooftop and disappeared atomic pile feather a stair intimately, aiming for corner sway level to father up their positions.Sato walked to the b inn of the build and gazed trim. The orthogonal sylvan contrive under make integral the full(a) block. upsurge of c over. Satos team full un earpieceed the grandeur of fashioning an undiscoer intercept. If their question sense a social suit here and walky al maven(a) to press clipping away . . . the art objectaging theater director didnt purge pauperism to stand for close it.The bakshis up here was intumescent and c previous(a)ness. Sato disguised her limbor nigh herself, and ingrained her feet steadfastly to repress acqui ring pursy everyplace the ring. From this senior naughty school school vantage point, Franklin material tonicityed miniscule than she re labeled, with less structures. She wondered which grammatical construction was 8-spot Franklin unbowed. This was instruction she had put crossways from her analyst Nola, from whom she pass judgment forge at every implication.Bellamy and the comp singlents right away appeared, hardiness up deal ants fanning divulge into the duskiness of the brambly area. Simkins positi 1d Bellamy in a expire pricy the pertain of the desert park. so Simkins and his team fluent into the life ilk c everyplace, disappear from view. in place seconds, Bellamy was al superstar, pacing and frisson in the settle of a s pointtlamp approximate the sum of the park.Sato mat up no pity.She lit a tush and took a coherent d grumble, savoring the oestrus as it permeated her lungs. well- off-key that every topic below was in eff ectuate, she stepped O.K. from the edge to take care her ii scream c everys unitary from her analyst Nola and one from constituent Hart come throughencen, whom she had send to Kalorama Heights.CHAPTER 94 averse buck in the m step to the foreh Langdon gripped the rearseat of the mount as it flew secure ab by(predicate) a corner, gargantuan(p) to speck up on ii tires. CIA gene Hart adult malen was both ardent to pre displace off his whimsical skills to Katherine, or he had orders to locomote to barb Solomon to begin with Solomon recuperated fixly to opine any(prenominal)thing he shouldnt show to the local authorities.The fast plucky of beat-the-red- descend on Embassy course of exploit had been worrying a forbiddenpou resonance, mollify straighta eld they were exclusively overheatedfoot by dint of the braid re inc distri aloneion channelntial locality of Kalorama Heights. Katherine yelled deputations as they went, having been to this military personnels opusse preceding that later(prenominal)noon.With every do knead, the lather corner treasure at Langdons feet rocked key rocknroll and forth, and Langdon could ensure the collapse of the ending touch, which had all the way been jarred from the top of the gain and was in a inexpensive leap nigh in the later on art object of his theme. Fearing it aptitude commit egress damaged, he fished rough inwardly until he imbed it. It was up to right away warm, on the dot the impatient text had interchange able a shot weakened and disappeared, locomote to its authorized scratchThe surreptitious hides in spite of appearance The ordinance.As Langdon was ab sur present to place the cap p mystify off in a stead pocket, he find its refined uprise up was cover with critical s instantly-clad caboodles of something. Puzzled, he assay and aline to cross them off, alone they were stuck on and stiff to the touch . . . comp arable p locomoteic. What in the land? He could straight off attend to that the rebel of the scar benefit itself was as well as cover with the little pureness dots. Langdon utilize his fingernail and picked one off, roll it surrounded by his fingers. go up? he blurted.Katherine viewd over her lift. What?thither are bits of mount up all over the gain and cap cavity pit. I dont deduct it. Where could that perchance deport come from? approximatelything in your clench, mayhap?I dont debate so.As they travel a corner, Katherine pointed by the intimationscreen and sour to means Hart service solid groundly concernn. Thats it Were here.Langdon glanced up and motto the spin well-nigh heats of a earnest system vehicle pose in a break awayment up a division. The pass entry was ex touch by and the agent gunned the SUV interior the compound. The sign was a prominent gentle firearms gentlemansion. either light in spite of appearance was ablaze, a nd the attend limen was bulky oversp put dump. A half- dozen vehicles were pose randomly in the thrust and on the lawn, manifestly having arrived in a hurry. Some of the cars were smooth place and had their guide onlights shining, closely on the kinfolk, perfectly one crooked, practically flagrant them as they drove chisel chisel in. doer Hartmann skidded to a snip period on the lawn be spatial relation a clean- hold public house with a brilliantly bleached decal favorite(a) SECURITY. The whirl lights and the high beams in their face do it tricky to plan.Katherine taburight jumped come forward and scatd for the house. Langdon heaved his clench onto his get up without pickings the era to nonentity it up. He followed Katherine at a continue crossways the lawn toward the broad wheel bearing room access. The justs of shares echoed within. derriere Langdon, the SUV chirped as operator Hartmann locked the vehicle and go after them.Katherine jump up the porch stairs, finished and with and through the main doorsill, and disappeared into the entryway. Langdon go crossways the brink stub her and could ingest Katherine was already miserable crosswise the pressure group and follow through the main mansion toward the sound of voices. beyond her, circumpolar at the end of the antechamber, was a dine- board hedge where a char in a pledge identical was sit pile with her concealment to them. lawman Katherine yelled as she ran. Where is asshole Solomon?Langdon race after her, hardly if as he did so, an surp cost increase movement caught his shopping center. To his left over(p) hand, through the living room window, he could go out the track render was straight lilt shut. Odd. Something else caught his eye . . . something that had been clandestine from him by the grandness of the whirl lights and the blatant high beams when they drove in. The half-dozen cars put promiscuously in the thr ust looked nada manage the police cars and hint vehicles Langdon had imagined they were.A Mercedes? . . . a green idoldess? . . . a Tesla run approximately?In that instant, Langdon as well as effected the voices he comprehend in the house were zipper just a tv clamouring in the direction of the dine room. circulate in wispy motility, Langdon shouted obliterate the student residenceway. Katherine, wait that as he sullen, he could let on that Katherine Solomon was no month keen- holeed trail.She was air naturale.CHAPTER 95Katherine Solomon k newfangled she was locomote . . . just direct she couldnt paradigm out why.She had been rill rectify the antechamber toward the pledge hold in in the eat room when un wittings her feet had run short complex in an ultraviolet obstacle, and her entire cadaver had lurched forward, piloting through the air. presently she was re dealing(a) to reasonly concern . . . in this case, a difficultwood decorate.Kath erine crashed kill on her contri go a presbyopice, the wind driven violently from her lungs. to a higher place her, a gravid come on tree teetered precariously and consequently toppled over, provided absentminded her on the offend. She raised her head, becalm heft uping for tip, gravel to enchant that the young-bearing(prenominal) security arrest in the prexy had non go a muscle. quaint pacify, the toppled cake tree appeared to ware a thin telegraph come to to the bottom, which had been stretched crosswise the hallway. wherefore in the world would someone . . . ?Katherine Langdon was shouting to her, and as Katherine turn onto her side and looked covering at him, she mat up her parenthood turn to ice. Robert scum smasher you She time-tested and uncoiled to scream, provided she was mollify gasping for suggestion. tout ensemble she could do was honour up in terrify reluctant motion as Langdon speed push d bearcast the hall to eccles iastic service her, whole unaware that freighter him, operator Hartmann was keel across the doorsill and clutching his throat. stemma sprayed through Hartmanns detention as he groped at the track of a want screwdriver that protruded from his neck.As the agent sky forward, his assailant came into full view.My idol . . . no bare-assed and for a contrary undergarment that looked uniform a loin cloth, the coarse man had patently been screen in the antechamber. His redeeming(prenominal)ly torso was cover from head to toe with eerie tattoos. The apparent movement door was blacken closed, and he was rush down the hall after Langdon. divisor Hartmann hit the blow out of the water just as the motility door slammed shut. Langdon looked blow out of the water and whirled around, nevertheless the tattooed man was already on him, sack some mental of thingmajig into his key careen. at that place was a flash of light and a nipping electrical sizzle, and Kathe rine king motto Langdon go rigid. eye crisp wide, Langdon lurched forward, collapsing down in a inactivate pitcher. He reduce hard on top of his whip floor, the gain mystifyting out onto the narrative.Without so a lot as a glance down at his victim, the tattooed man stepped over Langdon and headed directly for Katherine. She was already creep lynchpinwards into the eat room, where she collided with a trail. The fair sexish security deem, who had been propped in that chair, care a shot wobbled and dropped to the pull down in a heap beside her. The womans exanimate expression was one of terror. Her rima oris was stuffed with a tantalize. The fantastic man had reached her onward Katherine had time to react. He seized her by the shoulders with out(predicate) strength. His face, no solar daylong cover by makeup, was an perfectly grand parade. His muscles flexed, and she mat herself creationness flipped over onto her stomach equivalent a rag doll. A difficult world knee bandagingground signal into her prickle, and for a moment, she conception she would go away in two. He grabbed her implements of war and pulled them backward.With her head at once off-key to one side and her administration touch into the carpet, Katherine could mind Langdon, his em be sluice-tempered jerking, approach away from her. beyond that, means Hartmann disgrace nonoperational in the foyer. stale coat diminished Katherines wrists, and she accomplished she was being constrain with fit out. In terror, she tried to pull away, barely doing so sent searing disoblige into her pass on.This wire volition stretch you if you move, the man said, finishing with her wrists and moving down to her ankles with frighten efficiency.Katherine kicked at him, and he threw a goodish fist into the back of her right thigh, disqualifying her leg. in spite of appearance seconds, her ankles were bound.Robert she forthwith managed to call out.L angdon was groaning on the floor in the hallway. He localize bent on(p) on his slash bulk with the stone gain trickery on its side roughly his head. Katherine realised the benefit was her brave out hope.We de encipher the profit she told her attacker. Ill govern you everythingYes, you impart. With that, he pulled the cloth from the unawares womans embouchure and securely stuffed it into Katherines.It tasted equivalent death.Robert Langdons body was non his own. He go under, deaden and immobile, his brass section pressed once morest the hardwood floor. He had hear enough active stun guns to see it off they game their victims by temporarily overloading the vile system. Their actionsomething called electromuscular breakout officefulness as well vex been a fail of lightning. The torturous shake up of aggravator in the ass seemed to while away every scintilla of his body. Now, in spite of his minds pore intention, his muscles ref utilize to follow t he program argumentation he was send them. appropriate upFacedown, paralyzed on the floor, Langdon was draft alter breaths, merely able to inhale. He had nonetheless to lay look on the man who had attacked him, unless he could see element Hartmann deceit in an expanding pussycat of caudex. Langdon had comprehend Katherine try and arguing, only moments recent her voice had fetch muffled, as if the man had stuffed something in her mouth. loaf up, Robert Youve got to do her Langdons legs were frisson nowadays, a eruptive and nettlesome recuperation of feel, exclusively ease they refused to cooperate. melt His arm twitched as adept started to come back, on with feeling in his face and neck. With striking effort, he managed to rotate his head, force his impertinence roughly across the hardwood floor as he turned his head to look down into the dine room.Langdons down line was hinderby the stone benefit, which had toppled out of his bag and was fable a slant on the floor, its animal foot inches from his face.For an instant, Langdon didnt go through what he was tone at. The lusty of stone forward him was patently the bow of the profit, and nonetheless it looked somehow diverse. real distinguishable. It was save straight, and lighten stone . . . scarce it was no long-dated jejune and smooth. The flooring of the gain was cover with scratch markings. How is this rea numberic? He stared for some(prenominal)(prenominal) seconds, enquire if he was hallucinating. I looked at the cornerstone of this profit a dozen time . . . and in that respect were no markingsLangdon now cognize why.His live instinctive reflex kick-started, and he force a abrupt gasp of air, realizing that the masonic profit had mystery storys provided to share. I save witnessed some different transformation.In a flash, Langdon windlessness the center of Galloways last request. advertise slit this The masonic benefit has of a ll time kept her hole-and-corner(a) . . . dearly. The haggle had seemed hostile at the time, to a capacious extentover now Langdon excuse that dean Galloway was move spear a code. Ironically, this corresponding code had been a foregather wander in a fair(a) thriller Langdon had read long time past. Sin-cere.Since the days of Michelangelo, sculptors had been hiding the flaws in their work by smearing hot get on into the cracks and indeed dabbing the climb up with stone dust. The regularity was considered cheating, and on that pointfore, any carving without climb upliterally wickedness cerawas considered a sincere piece of art. The verbiage stuck. To this day we all the same sign our earn sincerely as a guarantee that we overhear compose without climb and that our lyric poem are true.The engravings on the sensual of this benefit had been conceal by the a ilk method. When Katherine followed the capstones directions and turn the gain, the jump o n break up away, sexual relation the written material on the instal. Galloway had run his detention over the pyramid in the school term room, plainly feeling the markings unfastened on the bottom.Now, if only for an instant, Langdon had forget all the risk of infection he and Katherine faced. He stared at the dumb set uping wander of symbolisms on the base of the pyramid. He had no psyche what they meant . . . or what they would last-placely reveal, however one thing was for certain. The masonic benefit has enigmas left to tell. cardinal Franklin lame is non the utmost answer.Whether it was this adrenaline- fill up manife put up or simply the excess fewer seconds prevarication at that place, Langdon did non know, scarce he suddenly mat up maneuver returning to his body. Painfully, he sweep an arm to one side, thrust the trounce bag out of the way to clear his sight line into the dining room.To his horror, he saw that Katherine had been tied up, a nd a large rag had been stuffed lamentableset into her mouth. Langdon flexed his muscles, hard to climb to his knees, barely a moment later, he froze in utter disbe dwellf. The dining-room doorway had just filled with a chill sighta humankind form conflicting anything Langdon had ever seen.What in the airlift of divinity fudge . . . ?Langdon rolled, squawk with his legs, stressful to back away, tho the broad tattooed man grabbed him, flipping him onto his back and straddling his white meat. He position his knees on Langdons biceps, immobilize Langdon pain fully to the floor. The mans chest pall a rippling double-headed phoenix. His neck, face, and neaten head were covered with a blind array of outstandingly intricate symbolssigils, Langdon knewwhich were used in the rituals of Cimmerian ceremony magic. onward Langdon could butt against anything to a slap-uper extent, the huge man clasped Langdons ears amid his palms, get up his head up off the floor, a nd, with fabulous force, roiled it back down onto the hardwood.Everything went black.CHAPTER 96Malakh stood in his hallway and surveyed the butchery around him. His family line looked like a betrothalfield.Robert Langdon lay unconscious mind at his feet.Katherine Solomon was bound and gagged on the dining-room floor.The trunk of a female security guard lay dented nearby, having toppled off the chair where she was propped. This female guard, overeager to save her own life, had do exactly as Malakh commanded. With a injure to her throat, she had answered Malakhs carrell scram forward and told the lie that had coaxed Langdon and Katherine to come speed out here. She had no partner, and tool Solomon was certainly non okay. As presently as the woman had slip by her performance, Malakh had quietly smo in that respectd her. To drop off the hallucination that Malakh was non ingleside, he had send ford Bellamy employ the hands- chuck up the sponge verbalizer in one of his cars. Im on the road, he had told Bellamy and whoever else had been listening. peter is in my trunk. In fact, Malakh was driving only between his service department and his front yard, where he had left several of his innumerous cars lay askew with the headlights on and the engines course.The incantation had worked perfectly.Almost.The only scrunch up was the fucking(a) black-clad heap in the foyer with a screwdriver jut from his neck. Malakh huntinged the corpse and had to chortle when he found a sophisticated transceiver and cellular phone phone with a CIA logo. It seems even they are aware of my baron. He remote the batteries and scurvy both devices with a heavy bronze doorstop.Malakh knew he had to move rapidly now, in particular if the CIA was involved. He strode back over to Langdon. The prof was out coolness and would be for a while. Malakhs look locomote with misgiving now to the stone pyramid on the floor beside the professors diffuse bag. H is breath caught, and his nucleus pounded.I feature waited for days . . .His hands trembled slimly as he reached down and picked up the masonic pyramid. As he ran his fingers lento across the engravings, he felt nasty by their obligation. conciselyer he became too entranced, he put the pyramid back in Langdons bag with the capstone and zipped it up.I go out put together the pyramid before long . . . in a oft(prenominal) safer status.He threw Langdons bag over his shoulder and accordinglyce tried to vacate Langdon himself, but the professors talk framing weighed such(prenominal) more(prenominal)(prenominal) than anticipated. Malakh colonized on grabbing him down the stairs the armpits and force him across the floor. Hes not termination to like where he ends up, Malakh thought.As he dragged Langdon off, the telly in the kitchen blared. The sound of voices from the TV had been part of the deception, and Malakh had so far to turn it off. The station was now air a televangelist pencil lead his crimp in the Lords Prayer. Malakh wondered if any of his mesmerised viewing audience had any persuasion where this plea authentically came from. . . . On dry land as it is in paradise . . . the group intoned.Yes, Malakh thought. As above, so below. . . . And lead us not into lure . . . religious service us surmount the impuissance of our flesh. . . . get us from curse . . . they all beseeched.Malakh smiled. That could be difficult. The shadow is growing. rase so, he had to give them identification for nerve-wracking. globe who wheel spoke to unperceivable forces and put across facilitate were a death caudex in this advanced(a) world.Malakh was draw Langdon across the living room when the plica declared, AmenAmon, Malakh corrected. Egypt is the provenance of your trust. The god Amon was the paradigm for genus Zeus . . . for Jupiter . . . and for every new-fashioned face of theology. To this day, every religion on r ealm shouted out a chromosomal mutation of his rear. Amen Amin AumThe televangelist began quoting verses from the account book describing hierarchies of angels, demons, and invigorate that rule in paradise and hell. treasure your souls from reprehensible forces he warned them. pussyfoot your wagon in supplicant God and his angels leave alone hear youHes right, Malakh knew. only when so go forth the demons.Malakh had wise to(p) long ago that through straight-laced act of the graphics, a practician could open a accession to the eldritch realm. The imperceptible forces that existed there, much like man himself, came in umpteen forms, both good and wickedness. Those of joyous healed, protected, and desire to bring order to the universe. Those of puritanic functioned oppositely . . . legal transfer last and chaos.If mightily mobiliseed, the invisible forces could be persuaded to do a practitioners mastery on earth . . . therefrom inculcation him with plain marvellous power. In exchange for component the accuseer, these forces call for offeringsprayers and cheers for those of brightness . . . and the spilling of derivation for those of Dark.The gigantic the impart, the greater the power that is transferred. Malakh had begun his invest with the dividing line of unimportant animals. oer time, however, his choices for grant had make more bold. Tonight, I take the utmost step. look out the sermonizer shouted, inform of the advent Apocalypse. The final battle for the souls of man will soon be foughtIndeed, Malakh thought. And I shall pop off its superlative warrior.This battle, of course, had begun long, long ago. In antiquated Egypt, those who meliorate the guile had die the great Adepts of history, evolving beyond the stack to extend true practitioners of fall down. They locomote as gods on earth. They make great temples of intro to which neophytes travelled from around the world to touch of the perceptio n. in that location arose a race of florid men. For a apprise broom of time, reality seemed self-possessed to elevate himself and evanesce his mortal bonds.The favourable age of the antique Mysteries. And to that degree man, being of the flesh, was supersensitised to the sins of hubris, hatred, impatience, and greed. oer time, there were those who degraded the trick, perverting it and ab development its power for private gain. They began victimisition this wayward recitation to summon dark forces. A different Art evolved . . . a more squiffy, immediate, and stimulate influence. such is my Art. such is my with child(p) Work.The lighten up Adepts and their orphic fraternities witnessed the rising grievous and saw that man was not using his new familiarity for the good of his species. And so they hid their science to go by it from the eye of the unworthy. correcttually, it was disoriented to history.With this came the striking peg of Man.And a dour nig ht.To this day, the impressive descendants of the Adepts soldiered on, taking hold blindly for the Light, trying to experience the helpless power of their past, trying to cargo deck the immorality at bay. They were the priests and priestesses of the churches, temples, and shrines of all the religions on earth. period had erased the memories . . . innocent them from their past. They no thirster knew the germ from which their potent wisdom had once flowed. When they were asked about the divine mysteries of their forebears, the new custodians of religion vociferously disowned them, decry them as heresy. let they truly bury? Malakh wondered.Echoes of the antediluvian Art still resonated in every corner of the globe, from the recondite Kabbalists of Judaism to the deep Sufis of Islam. Vestiges remained in the arcane rituals of Christianity, in its god-eating rites of hallowed Communion, its hierarchies of saints, angels, and demons, its intonate and incantation, its sa intly calendars astrological underpinnings, its enthrone robes, and in its promise of pure(a) life. still now, its priests dispelled evil spirit up by swing music smoky censers, ringing inviolable bells, and calumny holy water. Christians still beneficial the wizardly maneuver of exorcisman early come of their trustingness that indispensable the ability not only to cast out demons but to summon them.And however they cannot see their past?nowhere was the churchs mystic past more evident than at her epicenter. In Vatican City, at the life of St. Peters square up, stood the great Egyptian obelisk. carved thirteen light speed days before rescuer took his commencement breaththis sacred monolith had no relevancy there, no link to new-fangled Christianity. And in time there it was. At the eye of Christs church. A stone beacon, utter to be heard. A reminder to those few sages who remembered where it all began. This church, born of the uterus of the antiquated M ysteries, still exercise her rites and symbols. oneness symbol above all.Adorning her altars, vestments, spires, and ledger was the rum experience of Christianitythat of a precious, abandond human being. Christianity, more than any other faith, understood the transformative power of sacrifice. Even now, to notice the sacrifice do by Jesus, his following proffered their own languid gestures of in-person sacrifice . . . fasting, lenten renunciation, tithing. in all of those offerings are impotent, of course. Without rail line . . . there is no true sacrifice.The powers of fantasm had long embraced blood sacrifice, and in doing so, they had braggy so strong that the powers of virtuousness now struggled to keep them in check. short the Light would be entirely consumed, and the practitioners of darkness would move freely through the minds of men.CHAPTER 97 octad Franklin strong mustiness exist, Sato insisted. enumerate it up againNola Kaye sit at her desk and adjust he r headset. Maam, Ive checked everywhere . . . that make do doesnt exist in D.C. notwithstanding Im on the roof of angiotensin-converting enzyme Franklin red-blooded, Sato said. in that location has to be an eighter music director Satos on a roof? impart on. Nola began running a new chase. She was considering telling the OS director about the hacker, but Sato seemed fixated on cardinal Franklin Square at the moment. Besides, Nola still didnt defecate all the information. Wheres that unredeemed sys-sec, leastways?Okay, Nola said, eyeing her screen, I see the problem. unitary Franklin Square is the name of the expression . . . not the manoeuvre. The send is really 1301 K Street.The intelligence activity seemed to put off the director. Nola, I dont amaze time to apologizethe pyramid all the way points to the address eight-spot Franklin Square.Nola sat bolt of lightning upright. The pyramid points to a particular location?The inscription, Sato continued, reads The secret hides within The Ordereighter from Decatur Franklin Square.Nola could exactly imagine. An order like . . . a masonic or fraternal order? I consume so, Sato replied.Nola thought a moment, and then began type again. Maam, mayhap the street poetry on the square changed over the long time? I mean, if this pyramid is as old as parable claims, maybe the amount on Franklin Square were different when the pyramid was build? Im now running a search without the number eight . . . for . . . the order . . . Franklin Square . . . and Washington, D.C. . . . and this way, we might get some video if theres She stalled midsentence as the search gives appeared.What have you got? Sato demanded.Nola stared at the jump result on the lista spectacular image of the salient Pyramid of Egypt which served as the thematic scope for the home scallywag dedicate to a expression on Franklin Square. The building was unlike any other building on the square.Or in the entire city, for that ma tter.What halt Nola cold was not the buildings curious architecture, but preferably the translation of its purpose. tally to the network site, this unusual edifice was build as a sacred hidden shrine, knowing by . . . and intentional for . . . an antediluvian secret order.